By how much can stopping distances increase when braking on ice?

When braking on ice, stopping distances can significantly increase due to the reduced traction between the tires and the slippery surface. It's widely understood that the stopping distance can be approximately ten times longer on ice compared to dry conditions. This dramatic increase in stopping distance is primarily due to the inability of the tires to grip the icy surface, which leads to longer braking times and distances.

In contrast, while factors like whether a road has been sanded may influence stopping distances to some extent, they do not negate the fundamental nature of how drastically ice affects vehicle traction. Thus, the estimate that stopping distances can increase by a factor of ten provides a clearer understanding of the dangers posed by icy roads and emphasizes the need for cautious driving in winter conditions.